Coffee milk birthmarks are a type of congenital pigmentation disorder that can be easily recognized by the naked eye. These birthmarks are caused by an increased amount of melanin and giant melanosomes, which leads to color changes in the skin. They can range in size from a few millimeters to 20 cm and do not typically require treatment. However, larger birthmarks that affect aesthetics can be treated with lasers.

There are several types of lasers used for treating coffee milk birthmarks, including Q-switched lasers with specific wavelengths that target melanin pigments. This selective photothermal lysis effect breaks down melanosomes into small pieces that the body can eliminate naturally, resulting in a more even skin tone. The laser procedure is safe, effective, and leaves no scars, but pigmentation may recur after treatment stops.

Before a laser treatment, patients may receive anesthetics and cold compresses to reduce pain. The number of laser exposures, wavelength, and energy used depend on the color, size, and shape of the birthmark. After treatment, patients should avoid sunlight and use sunscreen to protect the treated skin area. If there are multiple or unusually large pigmented birthmarks, or if the birthmark shows unusual symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention.

Overall, laser treatment for coffee milk birthmarks is a straightforward procedure that can effectively fade pigmentation. It is important to follow post-treatment care instructions to ensure the best outcomes.